1. Surgery Overview
Pituitary tumor surgery is performed to remove abnormal growths in the pituitary gland, a small hormone-producing gland located at the base of the brain. Most pituitary tumors are benign (non-cancerous), but they can cause serious health problems by pressing on surrounding structures or by disrupting hormone production. The most common surgical approach is transsphenoidal surgery, where the tumor is accessed through the nasal cavity using an endoscope or microscope. In rare cases, a craniotomy may be necessary if the tumor is very large or has extended beyond the typical access point.
2. Type of Anesthesia
This procedure is done under general anesthesia. The patient is fully unconscious and does not experience pain during the surgery.
3. Possible Risks and Complications
Bleeding
Infection
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak
Damage to surrounding brain structures or optic nerves (which may affect vision)
Hormonal imbalances requiring lifelong hormone replacement therapy
Diabetes insipidus (temporary or permanent)
Incomplete tumor removal requiring further treatment
4. Hospital Stay Duration
The typical hospital stay is 2 to 4 days. Patients are usually observed in an intensive care or high-dependency unit for the first 24 hours after surgery to monitor neurological and hormonal status.
5. Important Post-Operative Care
Regular monitoring of hormone levels and visual function
Nasal care and avoidance of blowing the nose or straining for at least 2 weeks
Follow-up imaging (MRI) to assess tumor removal
Hormone replacement therapy if pituitary function is affected
Avoid heavy physical activity and bending over for several weeks
Long-term endocrinology follow-up to manage hormonal health
6. Possibility of Recurrence
While many pituitary tumors are completely removed, there is still a chance of recurrence, especially with larger or more invasive tumors. Long-term monitoring with MRI and endocrine evaluations is essential to detect recurrence early. In some cases, radiation therapy or additional surgery may be needed.